文：亚洲周刊 作者：陈梓豪
围棋的诞生可追溯到古中国尧舜时代，现在成为中日韩的智慧比拼游戏。
围棋棋盘纵横各十九道，共有361个交叉点。黑白双方轮流落子，通过围地和攻杀棋子来争夺胜负，每一手都会重新改变局部与局部的力量关系，因此拥有极高的复杂度。现代计算显示，十九路围棋可能形成的所有局面远远超过可观测宇宙中的原子总数。
围棋的确切诞生年代已经不可考。传说将它追溯至尧舜时代，最早的文字记载至少可上溯到春秋时期。现存最早的记载见于《左传．襄公二十五年》，公元前548年的一段记事已经用“弈棋”、“举棋不定”比喻政治决断。汉代以后，围棋的棋具和规则逐渐成熟，并从宫廷、士人阶层向社会传播。
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围棋也随着东亚文化交流传入朝鲜半岛和日本，日本此后发展出较早的职业棋士制度，并在20世纪长期成为世界围棋的国际中心。<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.chinapress.com.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/History-Go-260813-a1-noresize.jpg\")
《弈棋仕女图》：唐朝上流阶层盛行围棋文化。<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n中日韩千万围棋人口<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
20世纪后半叶，韩国在棋手曹薰铉夺得世界冠军后崛起，中国也在棋手聂卫平、马晓春之后建立起完整的职业棋手培养和竞赛体系。目前中日韩三国拥有千万量级的围棋人口，也构成现代世界职业围棋的主体，古老的“手谈”也逐渐发展为拥有世界大赛、职业联赛和国家队体系的现代竞技运动。<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2016年，AlphaGo击败韩国棋手李世石成为围棋历史上的又一道分水岭。人工智能彻底改变了职业棋手的训练方法和对棋局的理解。今天的围棋，一端仍连接着古代士人的手谈与棋谱，另一端已经进入人工智能和职业体育的时代。十九道棋盘没有改变，人们理解它的方式却仍在继续变化。<\/p>\n<\/html>\n<\/p>"}
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