（华盛顿25日综合电）少子化危机已不是新闻，现在还有另一则“婚姻可能影响癌症发生”冲击健康的研究，令人震惊。根据美国佛州迈阿密大学近期研究显示，“不婚的成年人”罹患癌症的风险，竟高于曾经结婚（包含现婚、离婚或丧偶）的人，专家也对此分析揭露4大主因。
根据迈阿密大学Sylvester癌症中心，发表于《癌症研究通讯》（Cancer Research Communications）的一项研究内容，该研究以400万笔癌症案例分析，推测婚姻状态可能随着年岁累积，对健康影响加强。
◆未婚男性：癌症发生率高出曾经结婚（包含现婚、离婚或丧偶）男性约68%。
◆未婚女性：差距更大，达到85%。
◆55岁以上族群：差距更显著。
研究也加入“罹癌类型”以及“种族变数”的分析：
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◆未婚女性：子宫颈癌发生率，接近曾经结婚（包含现婚、离婚或丧偶）女性的3倍。
◆上述两种癌症：与人类乳突病毒（HPV）高度相关。
◆食道癌、肝癌、肺癌：未婚族群发生率，大约是曾婚族群的2倍。
◆未婚黑人男性：癌症风险最高。
◆已婚黑人男性：癌症发生率，低于已婚白人男性。<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.chinapress.com.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Unmarried-likely-get-cancer-260625-1-1-600x314.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n婚姻影响癌症发生“４种原因”<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
但研究者强调，不应该以“结婚能防癌”下结论，因为“癌细胞肿瘤”不会在扩散前，先侦测到宿主婚姻状态，背后反映的是“生活型态”、“医疗近用”和“社会支持”的相关因素。研究者也列举“4大机制”包括：<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.行为因素：吸烟、饮酒、饮食习惯等生活型态，在有伴侣的情况下可能受到正向约束。
2.筛检可近性：伴侣可能扮演督促定期健检的角色；若长期独居，则更容易在需要筛检时缺席。
3.医疗保障：美国许多医疗保险将配偶纳入保障范围，未婚者在获取医疗服务上，本就面临系统性的劣势。
4.选择偏误：有研究者指出，本身较健康、较不吸烟饮酒的人，原本就更有可能选择步入婚姻。<\/p>\n\n\n\n
对未婚或独居者而言，研究者建议，主动建立强大支持网络，发挥和伴侣“定期确认彼此健康状况”相似功能，协助导航医疗流程。非婚姻关系的社会支持，同样可以非常有效。<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“日常陪伴就医”很重要<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
台湾食安专家韦恩（杨世炜）透过粉专分享了迈阿密大学Sylvester癌症中心这项研究，韦恩以“婚姻是爱情的坟墓，却是癌症的克星？”措词开场，文末还引用了研究共同作者Pinheiro论点：“婚姻作为癌症风险的保护因子，至今在研究上几乎被完全忽略，这是第一项系统性研究”。<\/p>\n\n\n\n
美国有线新闻网络（CNN）除了引用该研究内容，且引述约翰霍普金斯大学社会学荣誉教授切尔林（Andrew J. Cherlin）观察指出：“已婚者在医疗与支持资源的获取，目前较易取得优势”。<\/p>\n\n\n\n
研究作者分析指出，除了生理机制外，“生活中的支持系统”是影响健康的关键因素，专家也表示，这种差异往往出现于“是否有人提醒你去检查、陪你就医”的日常陪伴与支特。此外，已婚者较少从事高风险行为，也是影响发病率的因素之一。<\/p>\n\n\n\n
文：造咖
图：中新网 示意图<\/p>\n<\/html>\n<\/p>"}
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