咖啡可降大肠癌 过量会致食道癌
你一天会喝几杯咖啡？根据卫福部公告，咖啡因每日摄取量建议在300毫克以下，若是选择罐装，要留意标注的咖啡因含量，至于现煮咖啡则建议一天不超过两杯。医师提醒，适量摄取咖啡可降低大肠癌发生机率、帮助排便等好处，一旦过量，导致胃食道逆流，且长期未留意，反而可能有“食道病变、癌化”。
肝胆肠胃科医师詹宜学提到，咖啡中有种物质可促进肠胃蠕动、帮助排便、减少便秘，进而降低大肠癌发生机率，也有研究显示，喝咖啡促进肠道好菌增加，可减少糖尿病、心脏病与癌症发生。医师表示，上述好处的前提是“适量”的咖啡摄取，若摄取过量，咖啡因会使食道与胃的交接处、贲门处扩约肌松弛，增加胃酸逆流到食道的风险，导致胃食道逆流，若长时间不注意，“反而可能造成食道病变、癌化。”
詹宜学也说，过量咖啡因可能造成心悸、血压升高等。不过，一天咖啡因究竟可摄取多少？根据卫福部公告，咖啡因每日摄取量建议在300毫克以下，若是罐装饮料，更要留意上头的咖啡因含量，现煮咖啡则建议一天不超过2杯，对健康才不至于造成影响。
示意图/123RF
詹宜学更提醒，有4类人要格外留意摄取量，包括孕妇、孩童、心脏病及肠胃不佳者。不少人也担忧，喝咖啡容易导致肠胃不适，医师强调，肠胃不好、胃食道逆流者建议“不要空腹喝咖啡”，以免增加胃酸分泌、刺激黏膜，若本身有发炎、溃疡者，甚至会让病情更严重。可先吃东西再喝为佳。
另外，别以为喝咖啡加牛奶会带来缓解，詹宜学强调，因为牛奶含有脂肪，会使肠胃蠕动变慢，且咖啡因含量不变，咖啡与牛奶一起喝也不会增加钙质吸收。若真的需要咖啡因摄取，医师认为可选择深烘焙咖啡，因为里头有种特殊成分，含“N-methylpyridinium(NMP)”可减少胃酸分泌，对胃造成影响较小。
文：ettoday
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