台东黑矮人传说可能真实 澳洲大学发现6000年前骨骸
（台北 / 坎培拉15日综合电）澳洲大学资深研究员洪晓纯等人在台湾东部山区的洞穴中，发现6000年前的女性骨骸，经过研究，证实一个“黑矮人”古老部落可能真的存在。
该研究小组10月4日在《世界考古学》杂志发表名为“台湾黑矮人和东南亚史前史：小马洞新发现”的文章。内容指出，研究员针对在台东成功镇小马洞内发现的骨骸进行头颅型态研究，首次证实6000年前黑矮人狩猎族群可能真的存在，也就是流传数个世纪的“矮人族/黑矮人”传说，可能是真的。
文章称，除了兰屿的达悟族，台湾其他原住民族都有关于“小黑人”的传说，称他们身材矮小，皮肤黝黑，卷发，且生活在偏远山区。自清朝时期、日本殖民时期以及1945年以来，研究人员记录约258个有关原民部落对“小黑人”的描述。
研究员针对在台东成功镇小马洞内发现的骨骸进行头颅型态研究，首次证实6000年前黑矮人狩猎族群可能真的存在。
然而，研究人员指出，类似传说在不同的群体之间并不一样。有些原住民族认为这些人是他们的祖先，有些则将他们视为以前的敌人，也有族群称，在1000年前，他们杀死了最后一群黑矮人。
黑矮人与非洲样本接近
在研究该头骨的脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）时，研究人员发现黑矮人与大约同一时期的非洲样本很接近。但他们也发现，它的大小和形状与生活在现在的南非和菲律宾部分地区的黑矮人相似。
研究员指出，他们找到的股骨与头骨来自同一个人，是一名年轻女性。尽管并未找到完整的骨架，但他们估计这位女性的身高是139公分。研究员还无法确定黑矮人是到台湾前，身材就已矮小，还是后来才形成这种特征。
该研究证实台湾黑矮人这个古老族群的存在，但并未解释之后这群族群发生什么事，他们显然在其他早期“南岛族群”抵达时就已消失了。
不过，研究员也不确定这群人在到达台湾前，在哪里生活，文中提及，可能是菲律宾、婆罗洲或亚洲大陆的其他地方。
文、图：《世界考古学》杂志
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